{
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "dataset_version": "1.0",
  "generated": "2026-06-04",
  "title": "Safeguarding institutional-failure cases: coded layer (derived, anonymised)",
  "coder": "pass_A (human-validated extraction; D. Fat acting as validating coder over the model proposal)",
  "anonymisation_note": "Coded structural layer only. No victim-identifying or narrative content. Institution names are NOT stored; each case carries only an anonymised case_id plus the public source citation (already-published, anonymised reports). Integrity flags are failures the source reviews themselves identified -- record-integrity analysis, never complainant credibility.",
  "cases": [
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-01", "source_type": "IICSA", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2019, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Children in the Care of the Nottinghamshire Councils", "repository": "IICSA", "url": "https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/nottinghamshire-councils.html", "licence": "OGL v3.0"},
      "agencies": ["childrens_social_care", "residential_care", "foster_care", "police", "cps", "inspectorate", "local_authority_leadership", "elected_members"],
      "risk_indicators": ["child_in_care", "residential_setting", "harmful_sexual_behaviour_peer", "going_missing", "abuse_of_position_authority", "organisational_culture_risk"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "children_placed", "agency": "residential_care"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "inspection", "agency": "inspectorate"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"},
        {"step": 5, "decision_type": "investigation_launched", "agency": "police"},
        {"step": 6, "decision_type": "prosecution_conviction", "agency": "cps"},
        {"step": 7, "decision_type": "apology_or_redress", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["poor_recruitment_vetting", "procedures_ignored", "leadership_failure", "reports_or_reviews_ignored", "not_escalated_to_strategic_level", "oversight_inadequate"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-02", "source_type": "IICSA", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2021, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Children in the Care of Lambeth Council", "repository": "IICSA", "url": "https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/lambeth-council.html", "licence": "OGL v3.0"},
      "agencies": ["childrens_social_care", "residential_care", "foster_care", "local_authority_leadership", "elected_members", "inspectorate", "police", "cps"],
      "risk_indicators": ["child_in_care", "residential_setting", "known_or_prior_offender", "abuse_of_position_authority", "organisational_culture_risk", "race_or_ethnicity_factor"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "children_placed", "agency": "residential_care"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "disciplinary_process", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "investigation_launched", "agency": "police"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "prosecution_conviction", "agency": "cps"},
        {"step": 5, "decision_type": "inspection", "agency": "inspectorate"},
        {"step": 6, "decision_type": "apology_or_redress", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["known_offender_not_removed", "poor_recruitment_vetting", "allegation_not_acted_on", "reports_or_reviews_ignored", "oversight_inadequate", "leadership_failure", "cases_handled_in_isolation", "information_not_shared"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-03", "source_type": "IICSA", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2019, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Sexual Abuse of Children in Custodial Institutions 2009-2017", "repository": "IICSA", "url": "https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/custodial.html", "licence": "OGL v3.0"},
      "agencies": ["youth_custody", "inspectorate", "safeguarding_partnership"],
      "risk_indicators": ["boarding_or_closed_setting", "abuse_of_position_authority", "organisational_culture_risk"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "children_placed", "agency": "youth_custody"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "youth_custody"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "inspection", "agency": "inspectorate"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "safeguarding_partnership"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["allegation_not_acted_on", "reputation_over_protection", "oversight_inadequate", "risk_underestimated_or_unrecognised", "crime_not_recorded"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-04", "source_type": "IICSA", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2019, "scale_band": "small",
      "source_ref": {"title": "The Anglican Church: Diocese of Chichester / Peter Ball", "repository": "IICSA", "url": "https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/anglican-chichester-peter-ball.html", "licence": "OGL v3.0"},
      "agencies": ["faith_institution", "police", "cps"],
      "risk_indicators": ["abuse_of_position_authority", "organisational_culture_risk", "known_or_prior_offender"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "faith_institution"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "investigation_launched", "agency": "police"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "information_passed", "agency": "faith_institution"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "prosecution_conviction", "agency": "cps"},
        {"step": 5, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "faith_institution"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["information_not_shared", "reputation_over_protection", "allegation_not_acted_on", "oversight_inadequate", "leadership_failure"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-05", "source_type": "IICSA", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2021, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Child Protection in Religious Organisations and Settings", "repository": "IICSA", "url": "https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/cp-religious-organisations-settings.html", "licence": "OGL v3.0"},
      "agencies": ["faith_institution"],
      "risk_indicators": ["abuse_of_position_authority", "organisational_culture_risk"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "faith_institution"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "faith_institution"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["procedures_ignored", "victim_blaming_language", "reputation_over_protection", "oversight_inadequate", "allegation_not_acted_on"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-06", "source_type": "SCR", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2015, "scale_band": "medium",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Serious Case Review into Child Sexual Exploitation in Oxfordshire", "repository": "Oxfordshire Safeguarding Children Board", "url": "https://www.oscb.org.uk/", "licence": "per-document"},
      "agencies": ["childrens_social_care", "police", "health_acute", "education_school", "safeguarding_partnership"],
      "risk_indicators": ["grooming", "child_sexual_exploitation", "going_missing", "child_in_care", "substance_use"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "no_further_action", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "investigation_launched", "agency": "police"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "prosecution_conviction", "agency": "cps"},
        {"step": 5, "decision_type": "inspection", "agency": "inspectorate"},
        {"step": 6, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "safeguarding_partnership"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["risk_underestimated_or_unrecognised", "cases_handled_in_isolation", "not_escalated_to_strategic_level", "victim_blaming_language", "crime_not_recorded", "information_not_shared"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-07", "source_type": "inquiry", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2014, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Independent Inquiry into CSE in Rotherham 1997-2013 (Jay Report)", "repository": "Rotherham MBC", "url": "https://www.rotherham.gov.uk/council-publications/independent-investigations", "licence": "per-document"},
      "agencies": ["childrens_social_care", "police", "local_authority_leadership", "elected_members", "safeguarding_partnership"],
      "risk_indicators": ["grooming", "child_sexual_exploitation", "going_missing", "child_in_care"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "no_further_action", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"},
        {"step": 5, "decision_type": "escalation", "agency": "elected_members"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["reports_or_reviews_ignored", "risk_underestimated_or_unrecognised", "victim_blaming_language", "crime_not_recorded", "leadership_failure", "not_escalated_to_strategic_level"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-08", "source_type": "inquiry", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2022, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Independent Inquiry: Telford Child Sexual Exploitation", "repository": "Telford & Wrekin Council", "url": "https://www.telford.gov.uk/", "licence": "per-document"},
      "agencies": ["police", "childrens_social_care", "education_school", "health_acute", "local_authority_leadership", "safeguarding_partnership"],
      "risk_indicators": ["child_sexual_exploitation", "going_missing", "race_or_ethnicity_factor"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "no_further_action", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "investigation_launched", "agency": "police"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "service_scaled_back", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"},
        {"step": 5, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "local_authority_leadership"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["risk_underestimated_or_unrecognised", "victim_blaming_language", "specialist_resource_cut", "information_not_shared", "leadership_failure"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-09", "source_type": "CSPR", "jurisdiction": "England", "year": 2024, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "National Review into CSA within the Family Environment", "repository": "Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/child-safeguarding-practice-review-panel", "licence": "OGL v3.0"},
      "agencies": ["childrens_social_care", "police", "health_acute", "safeguarding_partnership"],
      "risk_indicators": ["intra_familial_abuse", "known_or_prior_offender"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "assessment", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "no_further_action", "agency": "childrens_social_care"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "safeguarding_partnership"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["risk_underestimated_or_unrecognised", "allegation_not_acted_on", "known_offender_not_removed"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-10", "source_type": "DHR", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2020, "scale_band": "single",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Domestic Homicide Review (subject anonymised)", "repository": "Home Office DHR Library", "url": "https://homicide-review.homeoffice.gov.uk/", "licence": "per-document"},
      "agencies": ["police", "health_gp", "health_acute", "sexual_assault_referral_centre", "health_mental", "substance_misuse_services", "domestic_abuse_services", "childrens_social_care", "housing", "ambulance", "voluntary_sector", "safeguarding_partnership", "cps"],
      "risk_indicators": ["domestic_abuse", "coercive_control", "mental_ill_health", "substance_use", "unstable_housing"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "referral_made", "agency": "police"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "strategy_or_marac_meeting", "agency": "safeguarding_partnership"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "prosecution_conviction", "agency": "cps"},
        {"step": 4, "decision_type": "no_further_action", "agency": "cps"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["information_not_shared", "cases_handled_in_isolation", "not_escalated_to_strategic_level", "risk_underestimated_or_unrecognised", "victim_blaming_language"]
    },
    {
      "case_id": "CASE-11", "source_type": "IICSA", "jurisdiction": "England & Wales", "year": 2022, "scale_band": "large",
      "source_ref": {"title": "Residential Schools", "repository": "IICSA", "url": "https://www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/investigation/residential-schools.html", "licence": "OGL v3.0"},
      "agencies": ["education_school", "safeguarding_partnership", "local_authority_leadership"],
      "risk_indicators": ["boarding_or_closed_setting", "abuse_of_position_authority", "harmful_sexual_behaviour_peer", "organisational_culture_risk"],
      "decisions": [
        {"step": 1, "decision_type": "allegation_raised", "agency": "education_school"},
        {"step": 2, "decision_type": "no_further_action", "agency": "education_school"},
        {"step": 3, "decision_type": "external_review_commissioned", "agency": "safeguarding_partnership"}
      ],
      "integrity_flags": ["allegation_not_acted_on", "procedures_ignored", "reputation_over_protection", "leadership_failure", "oversight_inadequate"]
    }
  ]
}